!4!!1--1
!0Common Lisp Object System Specification!!1--1
!11. Programmer Interface Concepts!!1--1
!4CONTENTS!!1--2
!2Introduction!!1--5
!2Error Terminology!!1--6
!2Classes!!1--8
!3Defining Classes!!1--9
!3Creating Instances of Classes!!1--10
!3Slots!!1--10
!3Accessing Slots!!1--10
!2Inheritance!!1--12
!3Inheritance of Methods!!1--12
!3Inheritance of Slots and Slot Options!!1--12
!3Inheritance of Class Options!!1--13
!3Examples of Inheritance!!1--14
!2Redefining Classes!!1--15
!3Modifying the Structure of Instances!!1--15
!3Initializing Newly-added Shared Slots!!1--16
!3Initializing Newly-added Local Slots!!1--16
!3Extensions!!1--16
!2Changing the Class of an Instance!!1--17
!3Modifying the Structure of the Instance!!1--17
!3Initializing Newly-added Local Slots!!1--17
!2Integrating Types and Classes!!1--19
!2Determining the Class Precedence List!!1--21
!3Topological Sorting!!1--21
!3Examples!!1--22
!2Generic Functions and Methods!!1--24
!3Introduction to Generic Functions!!1--24
!3Introduction to Methods!!1--25
!3Congruent Lambda-lists for All Methods of a Generic Function!!1--27
!3Keyword Arguments in Generic Functions and Methods!!1--28
!2Method Selection and Combination!!1--30
!3Determining the Effective Method!!1--30
!4Selecting the Applicable Methods!!1--30
!4Sorting the Applicable Methods by Precedence Order!!1--30
!4Applying Method Combination to the Sorted List of Applicable Methods!!1--31
!3Standard Method Combination!!1--33
!3Declarative Method Combination!!1--34
!3Built-in Method Combination Types!!1--34
!2Meta-Objects!!1--36
!3Metaclasses!!1--36
!3Standard Metaclasses!!1--36
!3Standard Meta-objects!!1--36
!2Object Creation and Initialization!!1--38
!3Initialization Arguments!!1--38
!3Declaring the Validity of Initialization Arguments!!1--39
!3Defaulting of Initialization Arguments!!1--39
!3Rules for Duplicate Initialization Arguments!!1--40
!3Methods for Initialize-instance!!1--41
!3Procedural Definition of Make-instance!!1--42
!2Introduction to Setf Functions!!1--44